In 2022, the global exports of black pepper totaled an impressive US$2.1 billion.

This represents a 12.8% increase in the value of black pepper exports since 2018, when the total value was $1.84 billion. However, there was a year-over-year decline of -5.5% compared to the $2.2 billion recorded in 2021.

Black pepper holds the title of the world’s most traded spice by quantity, commonly used as a food seasoning alongside salt in shakers or mills.

The five leading exporters of black pepper in 2022 were Vietnam, Brazil, Indonesia, India, and Sri Lanka. Together, these countries accounted for nearly three-quarters (74%) of all black pepper exports.

On the import side, the United States, India, Germany, Vietnam, and Japan were the top five importers, collectively purchasing 48.2% of globally imported black pepper by value.

This distribution suggests a higher concentration among exporters (74% from the top 5) compared to importers (48.2% from the top 5).

In 2022, Asia was the largest exporter of black pepper, with shipments valued at $1.4 billion, representing 65.6% of the global total. Latin America (excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean) followed with 15.4%, and Europe with 13.8%. North America, Africa, and Oceania contributed smaller shares of 3.2%, 1.9%, and 0.1%, respectively.

For imports, Asia led again with 35.7% of global purchases, followed by Europe (29.1%) and North America (25.7%). Lesser shares went to Africa (5.8%), Latin America (2.2%), and Oceania (1.4%).

For research purposes, the 6-digit Harmonized Tariff System (HTS) code prefix is 090411 for black pepper that is neither crushed nor ground, and 090412 for crushed or ground black pepper. Raw black pepper accounted for 73.6% of the export value, while crushed or ground black pepper made up 26.4%.

Top Black Pepper Exporting Countries

The following are the top 20 countries by value of black pepper exports in 2022:

1. Vietnam: US$903.6 million (43.6% of total exports)

2. Brazil: $309.3 million (14.9%)

3. Indonesia: $148.1 million (7.1%)

4. India: $96.8 million (4.7%)

5. Sri Lanka: $75.9 million (3.7%)

6. Germany: $75.9 million (3.7%)

7. Netherlands: $60.1 million (2.9%)

8. United States: $48.1 million (2.3%)

9. Malaysia: $41.3 million (2%)

10. France: $31.4 million (1.5%)

11. Cambodia: $22.3 million (1.1%)

12. Austria: $21.2 million (1%)

13. China: $20.6 million (1%)

14. United Arab Emirates: $18.6 million (0.9%)

15. Spain: $16.6 million (0.8%)

16. Poland: $12.9 million (0.6%)

17. South Africa: $12.3 million (0.6%)

18. Mexico: $11.3 million (0.5%)

19. Belgium: $10.7 million (0.5%)

20. Italy: $9.3 million (0.5%)

These countries collectively shipped 93.9% of the global black pepper exports in 2022. Among them, the fastest-growing exporters since 2021 were the Netherlands (up 37.1%), the United States (up 17.1%), Mexico (up 13.6%), and Poland (up 13.5%).

Top Black Pepper Importing Countries

The total value of imported black pepper was $2.1 billion in 2022, marking a 48.2% increase over five years from $1.7 billion in 2018, and a 3.8% rise since 2021.

The top 20 importing countries in 2022 were:

1. United States: US$466.9 million (22.4% of total imports)

2. India: $203.2 million (9.7%)

3. Germany: $138.6 million (6.6%)

4. Vietnam: $120 million (5.8%)

5. Japan: $77 million (3.7%)

6. United Kingdom: $69.5 million (3.3%)

7. France: $65.8 million (3.2%)

8. Netherlands: $63.2 million (3%)

9. Canada: $54 million (2.6%)

10. Egypt: $46.3 million (2.2%)

11. United Arab Emirates: $45.1 million (2.2%)

12. China: $42.3 million (2%)

13. Poland: $37.8 million (1.8%)

14. South Korea: $35.4 million (1.7%)

15. Thailand: $34.9 million (1.7%)

16. Pakistan: $28.92 million (1.4%)

17. Philippines: $27.61 million (1.3%)

18. Morocco: $27.5 million (1.3%)

19. Italy: $25.4 million (1.2%)

20. Australia: $23.6 million (1.1%)

These countries together accounted for 78.3% of the global black pepper imports in 2022. Notably, the fastest-growing importers since 2021 were Morocco (up 70%), Vietnam (up 54.1%), Japan (up 47.5%), and the United States (up 22.9%).

Leading Black Pepper Export Companies in 2023

1. CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN LIÊN THÀNH: 13.93%, $251.38 Million

2. CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN TẬP ĐOÀN TRÂN CHÂU: 3.46%, $62.4 Million

3. CHI NHÁNH LONG BÌNH CÔNG TY TNHH OLAM VIỆT NAM: 3.38%, $60.93 Million

4. CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN PHÚC SINH: 2.55%, $46.05 Million

5. CÔNG TY TNHH CB GIA VỊ NEDSPICE VIỆT NAM: 2.5%, $45.06 Million

6. ECOSAC AGRICOLA S A C: 2.42%, $43.74 Million

7. ASOCIACIONES AGROINDUSTRIALES SERRANAS: 2.19%, $39.5 Million

8. CÔNG TY TNHH THƯƠNG MẠI ĐĂNG NGUYÊN LS: 1.9%, $34.33 Million

9. CÔNG TY TNHH HARRIS FREEMAN VIỆT NAM: 1.84%, $33.21 Million

10. CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN SẢN XUẤT DỊCH VỤ XUẤT NHẬP KHẨU HÀ NỘI: 1.77%, $31.96 Million

Top Black Pepper Import Companies in 2023

1. KHALID CORPORATION: 18.99%, $144.78 Million

2. SYNTHITE INDUSTRIES LIMITED: 4.96%, $37.79 Million

3. CHI NHÁNH LONG BÌNH CÔNG TY TNHH OLAM VIỆT NAM: 3.75%, $28.55 Million

4. CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN TẬP ĐOÀN TRÂN CHÂU: 2.42%, $18.46 Million

5. NISHANT EXPORT: 2.23%, $16.99 Million

6. BIO INGREDIENTS LLP: 2.13%, $16.22 Million

7. PLANT LIPIDS PRIVATE LIMITED: 2.09%, $15.95 Million

8. SYNGENTA AGRO: 1.73%, $13.19 Million

9. KANCOR INGREDIENTS LIMITED: 1.5%, $11.42 Million

10. RIJK ZWAAN MEXICO: 1.43%, $10.86 Million

These companies significantly influence the global black pepper trade, ensuring the supply and distribution of this essential spice.

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